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Classification and principle of fuel atomization nozzles
Classification and principle of fuel atomization nozzles
1、 Mechanical atomization.
The mechanical atomization nozzle utilizes high oil pressure to spray oil at high speed from the nozzle, achieving atomization. Fuel with a certain pressure and temperature enters the tangential groove through the oil inlet hole and uniform oil groove, achieving a higher speed, and then enters the swirl chamber. The oil generates strong centrifugal rotation in the swirl chamber, causing groove pulsation and spraying out from the nozzle, forming a hollow conical film. Due to the diffusion of oil through the nozzle under turbulent flow, coupled with centrifugal action, the surface tension is crushed into many small oil particles, thereby achieving the purpose of atomization.
2、 Rotating cup atomization.
The working principle of rotary atomization is that fuel oil is sent to a high-speed rotating cup-shaped device with a speed of 3000-5000r/min through a hollow shaft. Under the action of centrifugal force, the oil tightly adheres to the inner wall of the rotary cup, forming a thin oil film that flies out along the mouth of the rotary cup and atomizes into thin oil particles. At the same time, the fan blades installed on the same shaft blow air along the rotor mouth through guide vanes, and the direction of the air rotation is opposite to the direction of the oil droplets, further atomizing the oil droplets.
3、 Steam atomization.
The principle of steam atomization is to use high-speed steam to spray oil out and break it into oil particles. Then, through steam expansion and oil heating in the furnace, the oil particles are further crushed into thinner oil mist.
According to the mixing position of oil and steam, steam atomization nozzles can be divided into internal mixing nozzles and external mixing nozzles. Mixing steam and oil inside the nozzle is an internal mixing type, while mixing steam and oil outside the nozzle is an external mixing type. Steam atomization has good quality, fine and uniform oil particles, and can be used for various fuel oils.
4、 Air atomization.
Oil is sprayed out of the nozzle at a lower pressure, and high-speed air (about 80m/s) is used to spray around the oil, atomizing it. According to the different air pressures used, air atomization nozzles are divided into three categories: high pressure, medium pressure, and low pressure. In order to obtain high-pressure air, high and medium pressure air atomization nozzles must use air compressors, so they are less commonly used in boilers. Low pressure air atomization nozzles are mainly used in boilers.Author：Ebico